Nakhwa Nori: Korean Tradition Faces Threat of Chinese Claims

Nakhwa Nori, a traditional Korean firework display, has roots in the 17th century and was revived in the 1980s after nearly disappearing during the Japanese colonial period. Despite its growing popularity, recent concerns have emerged as China claims a similar practice, sparking accusations of cultural appropriation. The unique and environmentally friendly spectacle continues to attract admiration, with hopes for its return to Seoul as a cultural attraction.

Introduction to Nakhwa Nori

Nakhwa Nori, also known as the traditional Korean firework display, has a history dating back to at least the 17th century, with records suggesting it was enjoyed during the Joseon Dynasty. Although it nearly vanished during the Japanese colonial period, efforts in the 1980s successfully revived this traditional Korean play. Today, that events are most famous in Haman (Gyeongsangnam-do), Andong (Gyeongsangbuk-do), and Muju (Jeollabuk-do).

Features and Appeal of Nakhwa Nori

Unlike typical fireworks, Nakhwa Nori does not use gunpowder. Instead, it relies on natural materials like charcoal powder, hanji (traditional Korean paper), and salt. This allows performances to last for 1.5 to 2 hours, offering a safer and environmentally friendly experience. The stunning visual effects have gained widespread attention, with Nakhwa Nori being featured on TV and in advertisements. Additionally, its appearance in the Korean drama Bloody Heart and a BTS music video introduced it to international audiences.

Concerns Over Chinese Appropriation

In 2022, China began claiming a similar display called “Nakhwasu” as their own traditional culture. However, the methods and appearance of Nakhwasu are noticeably different from Nakhwa Nori, leading to concerns that China is imitating Korean culture. Given China’s previous claims over Korean elements like hanbok and kimchi, Koreans worry that China might attempt to assert it as their original tradition.

Reactions From the Korean Online Community

The news of China’s appropriation attempts sparked outrage on the Korean community site, theqoo. Despite the site’s generally left-leaning tendencies, users displayed strong disapproval of China, referencing past cases of cultural appropriation involving hanbok, kimchi, taekwondo, and more. Some commenters criticized China for destroying its own cultural heritage during the Cultural Revolution, only to covet Korean culture afterward. Others ridiculed China, recalling how the country burned books under Emperor Qin Shi Huang. While most reactions were critical, a few users gave more moderate advice, suggesting that China should focus on promoting its own culture.

Continued Popularity and Future of Nakhwa Nori

Despite these tensions, Nakhwa Nori remains admired for its beauty. Some users shared their experiences of watching it, recalling past performances held in Seoul that left many spectators in awe. Although the event was halted in Seoul due to COVID-19, there are hopes for its return. Nakhwa Nori could become a popular attraction for both locals and tourists visiting Seoul, enhancing its cultural appeal.

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